Posted tagged ‘psychology’

Jung on the therapeutic value of abreaction (pp. 130-132, CW16) (update from 01/2010 post)

November 8, 2025

Here is a source quote from Jung, with a comment from me, on the importance of recognizing it is the dissociation itself that needs healing. Given the early conditions…glint in the eye of our parents, fetus, infant, toddler and on up, it is the nature of the situation that we will all have a number of unbearable split off episodic memory based encapsulated trauma complexes. Each of these, at the time, required the activation of psyche’s super power – dissociation – to survive. While life preserving at the time and into the mid-life, these dissociation based defenses do not allow vulnerability and emotional intimacy. Before we can heal we have to first “cure the cure” ie: let go of the dissociation based defenses, before we can get to the healing of the original overwhelm. Blur states, getting triggered that is, provide the energy to eventually pierce the encapsulated trauma complex, allowing us then more conscious access. See what you think about Jung’s take here:

“. . . the trauma is either a single, definite, violent impact, or a complex of ideas and emotions which may be likened to a psychic wound. Everything that touches this complex, however slightly, excites a vehement reaction, a regular emotional explosion. Hence one could easily represent the trauma as a complex with a high emotional charge, and because this enormously effective charge seems at first sight to be the pathological cause of the disturbance, one can accordingly postulate a therapy whose aim is the complete release of this charge. Such a view is both simple and logical, and it is in apparent agreement with the fact that abreaction, i.e., the dramatic rehearsal of the traumatic moment, it’s emotional recapitulation in the waking or in the hypnotic state – often has a therapeutic effect. We all know that a man has a compelling need to recount a vivid experience again and again until it has lost its affective value. As the proverb says, “What filleth the heart goeth out by the mouth.” The unbosoming gradually depotentiates the affectivity of the traumatic experience until it no longer has a disturbing influence.”

We recognize, Jung on McDougall, however that “the essential factor is the dissociation of the psyche and not the existence of a highly charged affect and, consequently, that the main therapeutic problem is not abreaction but how to integrate the dissociation. . . .that a traumatic complex brings about dissociation of the psyche. The complex is not under the control of the will and for this reason it possesses the quality of psychic autonomy. . . .it pounces on him like an enemy or a wild animal…” “Abreaction then is an attempt to reintegrate the autonomous complex, to incorporate it gradually into the conscious mind as an accepted content, by living the traumatic situation over again, once or repeatedly,” (pp. 130-132, CW16)

…A Different Kind of Homewrecker…? Bringing My Own Dissociative Enactment to the Table

October 7, 2025

Author note: Rather than embedding hyperlinks throughout the text, I am listing them by titles at the bottom.

Early on the morning of September 18th, 2025, I generated a post with the title: A Different Kind of Homewrecker: When the Inner Antagonist Gets Exteriorized and Embodied.

By mid-afternoon I was able to recognize something of my own deeper process, and see my choice in words – labeling one party as a homewrecker – as evidence of my own passive aggressive defenses. I then re-titled it: A Very Serious Microfracture in Communication: When the Inner Antagonist Gets Exteriorized and Embodied.

Yes I was hurt. Yes I was deeply saddened by the very real impact of the activation of an Exteriorization of an Inner Antagonist on our friend group. And then, reflecting on my agitation about it all, I was able to begin to connect with my anger. I recognized it, felt it, struggled against it, and finally dropped down into it. It seemed we were all hijacked – at some level – by the emotion. What we can see from the outside looking in, in the face of a strong, triggering perturbation (how about that word!) provides a snapshot of our core defenses. And it seems psyche’s channel changing super power is dissociation. Why might we be so conflict avoidant?

Recall Bromberg’s observation: “When emotional experience is traumatic (more than the mind can bear), it remains unsymbolized cognitively, and the mind recruits the normal mental function of dissociation as a means of controlling both the triggering of unprocessed emotion schemas that were created by trauma and the release of ungovernable affect of hyperarousal that could threaten to destabilize its function.” It is helpful to recognize this core fear concerning the potential release of the ungovernable affect of hyperarousal that could threaten to destabilize its (the mind’s) function. I believe this detail may be at the center of the Adverse Childhood Experiences research. Our survival depends on our ability to do whatever it takes to change the channel, rather than risk falling apart, symbolically getting eaten alive or thrown on the broiler.

Back to my process: I could begin to see how my decision to write about my/our process, through the lenses of my model, was clearly in the service of my own dissociation of how upset I was at the time of the microfracture. Turning to my symbol system as a way to “work” with the complexity can also be seen as a candidate for my “mistake” and the “… the endless repetition of the mistake…” in DH Lawrence’s poem Healing. As in I learned how to defensively go into thinking and analyzing rather than simply feeling feelings. From this perspective, I relied on my tried and (not!)true partial cure defenses. More on that later.

Bromberg makes the point that what the patient needs to get better is for the important other, therapist, whomever can consciously participate, to bring their own enactments to the table. For each of us, how sensitive are we in tracking our own moments of dissociation? What happens if we become dedicated to bringing them forward at our first opportunity? It is another way of saying, best practice is to own your own stuff. Try to spot the evidence of your own “raw material” driving your vulnerability to a microfracture.

In recognizing the frame “A Different Kind of Homewrecker” was in reality name calling and assigning blame to one party, othering that person if you will – I could see the evidence of my own dissociation. I was caught in/participating in the split. Yes, the actions and impacts driven by the Exteriorization of an Inner Antagonist does pull mightily for that split. We can work on being in the presence of powerful energies/affects which pull for devolving into an identification with one side or pole (think for example of the pair: Dominant Harshness versus Vulnerable Woundedness) of our own complexes, without becoming complexed ourselves. See Edinger’s discussion on Emotion and Invulnerability to Fire for an image of this important super power here.

As it happens, the very best clues for which complexes are driving our enactments can be found in how it all feels when it goes down. In the immediate aftermath of a complex activation, what is palpably present in the room will, like a dream state, be an out-picturing of the core conflict(s). By this, we start with the basic image of The Experiential State; something has happened and the two participants in the scene each have their full expressions and affects associated directly to what just happened. This is psyche’s shorthand for bringing forward our entire history with regards to loving. See Representations Averaged and Generalized over Time to read more about how this comes out of our earliest infant experiences.

Beyond my theorizing, I now need to say something about my complex activation, my vulnerability to the blur: working from the conflict in the room, what could I learn about my Inner Antagonist? What was I projecting into the room onto someone who could carry it for me? Over a few days of process with myself and my wife, I landed on the presence, in the room, of a He-She-They-Who-Structures-with-a-Vengeance function/figure/other/antagonist complex. What was revealed through this encounter was the degree to which I continue to suffer – not consciously enough – with a less than relational, rather rigid, would be director. Like a critical parent introject, a task master who doesn’t get a more balanced approach. I have this longstanding sensitivity to what I perceive as others, who would in choosing for themselves, in effect choosing for me. Part of how this opened things up for me was in playing it out as a core couple complex dynamic. When can we discern He-She-They-Who-Structures-with-a-Vengeance is in the room? Of course my wife and I have different ways of approaching structuring our world(s). While I would like to share more on this soon, I’m going to leave it there for right now.

Importantly, we are all dreaming this dream together. Or rather, our complexes are co-creating this shared dream state. The key to sorting this out is asking the question in what ways is this my dream? And at the same time, in what ways it is each person’s dream? How can we understand what it looks like if each of us is having an encounter with an exteriorized inner antagonist. If you can only talk about your experience of an actual other person, you have locked out exploration of how that actual other has been employed by psyche to carry something for you in your dream process. This gets into Freud’s manifest versus latent contents and psyches use of compromise formations or what I like to think of as psyche’s camouflage tool (see below). When an actual beloved or friend shows up/populates a dream, we do want to consider all the associations to that person; we do not want to stop there. In an Active Imagination session, we can ask the recognizable outer world figure to take off their mask and show us who is calling from an earlier place. Who is showing up now via the dream, looking for dialogue and integration or release?

Again, the key concept here is enactments drive microfractures in communication. Bromberg suggests we make our own dissociative process available to working through the rupture. Modeling the capacity to sit together and find new language for what just happened is the work of becoming conscious. The sub-symbolic mode of experience needs our help, in relationship with each other, to move into the symbolic mode of experience.

Today I touched on my recognition after the fact, of my own dissociative reaction to a powerful activation in a friend group. I wanted to zero in on the startling and critically relevant implications of Bromberg’s discussion of this work: sitting together in the aftermath of enactments (micro/macro-fractures in communication), bringing our/my own dissociative experience to the table, is how we can support our cycles of rupture, repair and reconciliation. We honor those not-consciously-bidden parts of ourselves who show up, in the service of the re-integration of our lost selves/self-states. While early in life reliance on dissociative defenses was life saving, it becomes life-denying.

Enactments: Setting the table…together

A Very Serious Microfracture in Communication: When the Inner Antagonist Gets Exteriorized and Embodied*

Source: Wilkinson on Microfractures in Communication, Rupture, Repair, and Reconciliation

Source: Sandner/Beebe on Dominant Harshness and Vulnerable Woundedness Complex Split

Representation of Persona Submitting to Emotion

On The Importance of Getting Triggered

Co-Created, Dissociation Enabled Enactments

Emotion and Invulnerability to Fire

Couple Power Struggle as Compromise Formation?

Philip Bromberg on Self – States

Helpful posts for background:

Imagination in the Body: A Community-Based Dream Group Offering

September 20, 2025

I am delighted to announce Kimberly Christensen and I have a time and date for our Imagination in the Body: Community-Based Dream Group offering. The first round is coming right up! Please feel free to forward this invitation to clients, friends, or colleagues who may be interested in deepening their feeling practice through dream work. If we’re unable to get enough participants to start in October, we will likely shift the start date to early February 2026. If you are interested but find the Thursday AM time slot is not workable, please let us know about your interest and what days and time frames might work best for you.

For more information and registration please contact Kimberly at embodiedcounselingpdx.com. I am also available to talk about the offering. For me, best to start with counseling@chuckbenderms.com. Here is the flyer:

Imagination in the Body Community-Based Dream Group

This Dream Practice offers a warm, supportive sanctuary to explore your feelings and somatic experiences. Through dream imagery, we’ll journey toward greater wisdom and a deeper relationship with the Imaginal.

This practice is for you if you’re ready to: 

  • Deepen your connection to feeling and the body
  • Explore symbolic and creative pathways for growth
  • Cultivate subtle awareness and insight through dreams 

Together, we’ll uncover wisdom, nurture self-awareness, and process feelings—guided by the archetypal energies and unconscious forces that shape us.

Dates & Time:  October 9, 23 · November 6, 20 · December 4, 18

Thursdays: 10:00–11:30 am

Cost: $40–$80 per session (sliding scale)

Location: NW Portland (private practice office)         About Us      

Kimberly Christensen, PhD, LMFT is a Portland-based psychotherapist specializing in Jungian dreamwork, depth-oriented therapy, and embodied healing practices. She integrates alchemy, imaginal inquiry, and community-based dreaming in her work. Learn more at embodiedcounselingpdx.com.    

Chuck Bender, MS, LMHC brings over 50 years of clinical experience in psychotherapy, community mental health, and Jungian-oriented practice. His work draws on object relations, self psychology, and dreamwork, grounded in a deep commitment to the unconscious. Learn more at chuckbenderms.com.

Together, we invite you into a six-session exploration of how dreams move through the body and how embodiment anchors the dreaming psyche into everyday life.

A Very Serious Microfracture in Communication: When the Inner Antagonist Gets Exteriorized and Embodied*

September 18, 2025

The Microfracture frame is a reference to Wilkinson’s work here. Here I want to walk us through the usefulness of Edward Edinger’s writings on the exteriorization of an inner antagonist. The link takes you to a post titled: A Consciousness Challenge: Recognizing the Inner Antagonist in the Outer World. (I will track down the quote and add to my source quote collection lower left)

In my world, this is a very real problem which needs some special language to help us recognize when it is in play. Once you can see it, you also may find it hidden in plain sight…with a surprising frequency.

Edward Edinger suggests we consider the possibility conflict in the outer world is psyche propelling us into a situation specifically for the purposes of learning something essential. The timing reflects our readiness in the moment to consider the next piece in working through a complex. From this perspective, what we are in conflict with is an exteriorized, embodied, Inner Antagonist. This is a radical notion. What is the teaching?

For this to be a real thing, we need to understand psyche’s powers to project. And that we understand this will be unconscious to the ego. Recall, we only project what is truly unconscious (to the ego), and that projection is how psyche gets a split off piece of our depth work back out into the world, as an assist in beginning a sorting process where in at some point we can recognize it is our own shadow driving this. Because the true meaning is unbearable to ego consciousness, if you notice you are being asked to carry someone’s exteriorized inner antagonist, and try to talk about it with the person who is relying on this defense, they will not be able to consciously see what you are trying to point out. That is the special challenge. If you understand the dynamic and can feel the pull to carry the emotional tone associated with the antagonist, but do not get pulled into the force field created by this level of projection, you can be chill enough to experience the blur and even offer some help. My plate Representation of Persona Submitting to Emotion offers a map to support trying this on. The bad news is when someone gets strongly complexed, imaged by shall we say – Hansel and Gretal and the Witch in the gingerbread forest setting – in the moment one can become identified with either the Witch or the vulnerable child state; which ever one gets control of the steering wheel, the other gets projected onto the environment. AND it can switch in a nano second. The GOOD news is when you can see this, you can help by containing the Witch and supporting the vulnerable child state in being powerful enough to send the Witch back into the dream time. This requires a capacity to stay conscious within a blur state. Both the here and now and the dream time are activated in this altered and altering state of consciousness.

Before going into some theory which helps us think about how complex and yet often utilized these defense are, I want to make a case for a very useful try on with stuff that erupts into the environment like a bad dream. And that is, simple put: imagine this is a dream, your dream. When both parties can aspire to take 100% responsibility for where each goes within an outer world encounter – with or without video coverage – we have our best chance to get to the deeper layers of work which drive our repetition compulsions – or – episodes of enactment which fit our re-enactment of the wounding dynamics. The Edinger teaching after all works in both directions: how is what I’m getting from you an encounter with my Inner Antagonist, while at the very same time, what you are getting from me is an encounter with your Inner Antagonist? This is a truly awesome complexity!

When you wake up with a start from this dream, grab your journal and start writing as fast as you can to capture everything that just happened, as if it was your dream. Treat it as a communication from your Guiding Self. Include as much detail as you can. Keep adding to your depiction of the setting(s), scenes, speech, feelings, sensations, all of it. Note your spontaneous associations, call for memories. Try to get busy with all of that in an effort to get inside with your own process.

Remember, if you have just encountered conflict in the world, in what way are you being shown an inner antagonist? This helps us find our way into the co-created, dissociation enabled enactment which will show us, like an out-picturing of our soul wound via the dream time, what our core resonance or reactivity is about. Why now, why in this way has this come up?

And while we want to give serious consideration to the actual others in our relational world who will populate our dreams, intense feeling toned episodes always point back to our earliest challenges. It is the deeper level of personal developmental history and ancestral complexes at play in the dream at hand. In short, what can I hope to learn about my cast of inner antagonists?

Back to a depth psychological view: How is this impossibly complex defense even possible? From the psychoanalytic side, Christopher Bolus has described the defense mechanism employed here: “Kleinian psychoanalysts, in particular, have focused on one way in which a person may rid himself of a particular element of psychic life. He does so by putting it into someone else.” See the linked post for an interesting case illustration. I have a more lengthy comment on his observations in my post Projective Identification: Informing the Experiential State.

I am wanting to restate that assertion: One way in which a person may rid himself of a particular element of psychic life is by putting it into someone else. If like most, you have not heard about this power, try to think about if this could be true. The implication being that until we are ready to embrace parts of ourselves which through our known histories likely could not have survived our childhood conditions intact, we/psyche can just rid ourselves of them by just putting it/them into someone else? Mind blowing really. And try on what it might be like to have someone make such a deposit of emotionally charged experience into your core, and not notice it came from outside one’s self? Another big wow. It is also true that if/when we share similar core conflicts – core shame – we are more vulnerable to taking in these projected antagonists and becoming identified with them as if they were only our own self. Meaning we don’t see that the sometimes dramatic shift in our mood reflects something was put into us by another.

Suffice to say now, whenever we get triggered, get our buttons pushed, or simply are on the receiving end of an emotionally charged offering, with or without getting activated, it is important to consider, how might this be something deeper trying to come into consciousness?

For more on the subsymbolic and symbolic worlds and the role of enactments, see my Bromberg review post: Enactments: Setting the table…together.

*If you saw this offering before 2:30 PM on 9/18/25, you would be reading: A Different Kind of Homewrecker: When Inner Antagonists Get Exteriorized. Sitting with the post today, it has become obvious the use of label Homewrecker, whatever I was thinking, and I do have thoughts, was to jump into the deep end of the name-calling which has been such a toxic part of our political discourse/discord. Name calling reduces our world to othering; from complexity devolving into either/or, in contrast to both and more. It reflects an activation of splitting and scapegoating defenses. These primitive defenses are hardwired. Dante’s Divine Comedy describes a special place in Hell for Sowers of Discord (written between 1308 and 1321). It does not recognize the shared complexity. Seeing this I was able to connect more consciously with my own sadness and deep discouragement about the seriousness of the impact on family and friends when we can’t choose to be with our own contributions to the disharmony. When name calling seems to be again tolerated… My sincere apologies.

Let’s leave it there for now….

goodby for now,

chuck